Abstract
Natural resources pose many problems in countries that adopt a federal system, due to the high income that comes from them. Oil and gas wealth is considered one of the most important resources that contribute fundamentally to supporting the economy in countries. There is no doubt that examining the issue of the system of ownership and management of oil and gas wealth is one of the most important resources that contribute fundamentally to supporting the economy in countries. Important topics related to Iraqi affairs from all political, economic, and social aspects, as it is the main source of national income, and the income of this resource, as stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 in Article (111) thereof, returns to the party that has supreme sovereignty, provided that it is The federal government has the administration of it with the governments of the regions and governorates, according to what is stated in Article (112) of the Constitution. However, these texts regulating the ownership and management of oil and gas are fraught with ambiguity, as Article (112) of the Constitution has caused many problems between the federal government and the regions as well as the governorates in the process of Extracting oil and gas, as the government in the region interpreted the extraction of oil present in its lands as its jurisdiction. As for the federal government,
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